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You are viewing the most recent 16 entries December 18th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 11:55 am: Bava Batra 119 – The Winning Argument of the Daughters of Tzelophchad
  The daughters of Tzhelophchad petitioned that they should inherit their father's portion in the Land of Israel. Their argument ran as follows: if they were to be considered for inheritance, given that they had no brothers, well and good. However, if they are not considered for inheritance, they should likewise not be considered for yibum (levirate marriage) – and then their mother should be married to a brother of Tzelophchad, who would receive Tzelophchad's portion, thus bringing it back to the family.
Moses had to ask God, and their petitioned was granted. Moses would have written this part of the law anyway, but they were meritorious, and thus deserved that it was written through them – because of their love for the Land of Israel.
Art: Lesser Ury - Moses approaching Mt. Sinai-1905-07 ( ПО-РУССКИ )Tags: bava batra, Бава Батра
December 17th, 2009mopalia, posting in vintagecomputer @ 02:55 pm: How much does software weigh?
 Some of you seriously vintage folks might enjoy a story that goes back to the unit record days - this is a favorite around our IBM 1401 Restoration Lab.
"An official and an engineer were reviewing a manifest for a computing system to be shipped via air transport. The official asked: 'What is the weight of the item labeled "software?"' The engineer's reply was plain but beguiling: 'Why, the software weighs nothing at all!' The official was unconvinced.
Several days later, the skeptical official returned demanding to see the software for himself. The engineer led him to several boxes of punched cards, whereupon the disgruntled official complained, 'You misled me! You said that software weighed nothing.' In response, the engineer reached into one of the boxes, pulled out a punched card, held it up to the light, and countered: 'See, the software is the holes!' " (After a retelling by Robert G.)
This has resulted in the observation that "Since information is added to cards or paper tape by punching holes in them, and, a card hole is bigger than a paper tape hole, thus adding the same information to a card record results in a larger decrease in mass than the same information being added to paper tape. Therefore: as the amount of total information recorded goes to infinity, the mass of the cards required to hold the information goes to zero at a rate faster than that of the mass of paper tape." (Bob F.)
Good times at the aging geek center.
Somewhat cross posted to my blog.
December 16th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 03:02 pm: Bava Batra 117 – Daughters of Tzelophchad: Example of Inheriting in the Land of Israel
 The daughters of Tzelophchad took three portions of the inheritance of the Land of Israel: (1) the portion of their father, Tzelophchad, who was among those who left Egypt; (2) their father's portion among brothers in the estate of Chepher, his father; (3) an extra share in the estate of Chepher, to which their father was entitled because he was a firstborn.
(1) teaches that the Land of Israel was divided among those who left Egypt, even if they were not living at the time of the conquest of Israel; (2) teaches that the daughter of a son received a share even when her father's brothers are alive; (3) teaches that the Land of Israel is considered to have been in possession of those who left Egypt.
Art: Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida - My wife and my daughters in the garden
( ПО-РУССКИ ) Tags: bava batra, Бава Батра
December 15th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 12:31 pm: Bava Batra 116 – Man Who Leaves Not a Son
 R. Yochanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai, “Whoever does not leave behind a son to inherit him, the Holy One, Blessed be He is full of anger toward him.”
From where do we know this? “...if a man dies and he has no son, and you will pass (vehaavartem) his inheritance...” and “evrah” means a day of anger, as in “...a day of anger...”
But is it a son or a student? Since Rabbi Yochanan lost his ten sons and would console people with “...look, this is a bone of my last son...” - it must be that he meant a student, for otherwise he would not publicize that God is angry with him. Then why did he say “son?” - These were the words of his teacher, but he himself felt that a man must leave a student.
Art: John Frederick Lewis - A Turkish School in the Vicinity of Cairo
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December 14th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 12:53 pm: Bava Batra 115 – Order of Inheritance: Depth-First
 “...if a man should die, and he has no sons, you shall transfer his inheritance to his daughter.” – A son takes precedence over a daughter. Moreover, all the descendants of a son take precedence over a daughter.
However, a daughter takes precedence over the brothers of the deceased (her uncles), and the descendants of a daughter take precedence over brothers. The daughter also takes precedence over the father of the deceased (her grandfather).
This is the rule: whoever takes precedence in the inheritance, his descendants too take precedence; and the father takes precedence over all his descendants – because the brothers of the deceased are related to him through their common father.
Art: Edvard Munch - By the Deathbed
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meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 12:36 am: Bava Batra 114 – Time to Reconsider an Agreement
 When two parties want to formalize a verbal agreement, they often perform an “exchange acquisition” where one party hands the other a small article such as a kerchief and the second party takes possession of it.
Whenever this happens, parties are entitled to retract for a certain period of time. For how long? Rabbah said, “As long as they are seated at the same location.” Rav Yosef said, “As long as there are talking about the same subject.”
However, both Rabbah and Rav Yosef have a problem with the rule learned previously about a court executing the last will. If the sick person can retract, none of their decisions are valid! Rav Yosef answers that this rule is only applicable while they are still talking about the subject of inheritance.
Art: Antonio Paoletti - Fair Exchange
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, Бава Батра
December 13th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 08:51 am: Bava Batra 113 – Inheritance Passed Down Only by Day
Abbaye asked him, - Could it be that the one who dies by day has his sons inherit his property, but the one who dies by night does not? Of course not! Rather, since it says, “...this should be to the children of Israel as a statute of judgment...” inheritance has the laws of a court case. For example, if three people are visiting a sick person, who instructs them concerning his last will, they have two options: write it down as witnesses or act as judges of a court and execute the judgment – but only by day, since all court cases have to be started by day.
Said Rabba Bar Chanina, “Yes, that is what I meant.”
Art: Edvard Munch - Death In The Sick Room
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December 10th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 12:12 pm: Bava Batra 111 – Daughters Could Have Inherited Together with Sons
 Even though we know that the son precedes the daughter in the inheritance coming from their father, it could still be that the daughter precedes the son in the inheritance coming from their mother.
However, we have the following a forteriori (kav vachomer) argument. “...and any daughter who inherits a legacy from the tribes of the children of Israel...” is talking about the inheritance coming to a daughter from her mother. Now, the daughter does not inherit from her father, and nevertheless inherits from her mother. The son, who inherits from his father, surely inherits from his father, and even preempts the daughter.
Rabbi Zecharia Hakatzav says that an a forteriori argument cannot give the son more rights than the daughter, and they should share in the inheritance equally – however the final law does not follow him.
Art: Federico Zandomeneghi- Mother and Daughter
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December 9th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 01:00 pm: Bava Batra 109 - Order of Inheritance
 The first in line for inheritance are the children of the deceased, then the father, and only then - his siblings. How do we know that the father indeed precedes the brothers of the deceased?
The passages of the Torah describing the laws of inheritance do not mention the father of the deceased at all. However, in the phrase “...You shall give his inheritance to HIS RELATIVE who is closest to him of his family...” - “his relative” means the father of the deceased. Now that we see that the father is mentioned, his place in the chain of inheritance is right after the children, because one's father is considered a closer relative to him than his siblings are.
If so, why is the father not mentioned explicitly? The Torah wanted to avoid describing the sad situation of a father inheriting his son.
Art: William Frederick Yeames - And When Did You Last See Your Father?
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, Бава Батра
December 8th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 10:43 am: Bava Batra 108 – Laws of Inheritance
 In general, the relative closest to the deceased inherits his possessions. The basic succession of heirs is thus as follows: a man's primary heir is his son. If there is no son, the estate reverts to the deceased man's daughter. After this the next eligible heir is the father of the deceased, and if there is no living father, the estate reverts to that father's own heirs.
There are persons who can inherit and bequeath possessions, such as a son, who can inherits from his father, but also bequeath to him. There are also those persons who inherit but do not bequeath – such as a son and his mother – he can inherit from her, but the mother does not inherit from her son.
Art: Francois Adolphe Grison - Disinherited
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December 6th, 2009meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 08:21 pm: Bava Batra 107 – Estate Division and Disagreements in Value Assessment
 If two brothers divided inherited land, thinking that they were the only heirs, and then a third brother came from overseas, their original division is void. Inheritors are considered as if they bought their respective portions from each other, so it was a mistaken sale, and they will have to redivide. The same law applies when their father's creditor collected land from one of the brothers.
If three judges came to appraise land belonging to orphans, in order to satisfy their debts, and disagreed about the value of the land, claiming respective values of 80, 105, and 120, the land is worth 105. Two against one consider it worth less than 105, and two against one consider it worth more than 105. Other approaches include throwing away the highest value or considering that the judge mentally adjusts his estimate to be closer to his friends' numbers.
Art: Jean Leon Gerome Ferris- Franklin, Adams, and Jefferson working on the Declaration of Independence
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meirbg, posting in talmud_daily @ 12:29 am: Bava Batra 106 – Selling a Field by Landmarks
 If a seller stated that he was selling a field of a certain size, and he also identified the field by its landmarks and boundaries, he has made two contradictory statements. “Within these landmarks and boundaries” means selling as is, no matter what the size. The fact that he added the size of the field compels him to at least come close to this size.
If the field was found to be of a different size, then if the difference is less than a sixths, the field becomes the buyer's without any adjustment. If the difference is greater than a sixth, they have to make an adjustment, with the seller or the buyer paying the difference.
This 1/6 is not the same as overcharge, since there is no overcharge law for land. Rather, it is an estimate of what people forgive.
Art: Camille Pissarro - Enclosed Field at Eragny
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The daughters of Tzhelophchad petitioned that they should inherit their father's portion in the Land of Israel. Their argument ran as follows: if they were to be considered for inheritance, given that they had no brothers, well and good. However, if they are not considered for inheritance, they should likewise not be considered for yibum (levirate marriage) – and then their mother should be married to a brother of Tzelophchad, who would receive Tzelophchad's portion, thus bringing it back to the family. 
